ABSTRACT
Respiratory diseases are one of the major health issues described in intensive pig production, causing important economic losses. However, there is little information on the prevalence, etiology and clinical-pathological presentation of these diseases in wild boars. For this reason, this work investigated the presence in captive wild boars of pneumonic lesions and bacterial pathogens commonly detected and associated with respiratory diseases in domestic pigs. A total of 226 captive wild boar lungs from two farms were examined in a slaughterhouse in Southern Brazil. The pneumonic lesions were classified as cranioventral, dorsocaudal, and disseminated, and the quantification of lesions was calculated. From the total of 226 lungs, 121 were collected for laboratory examination. Lungs with macroscopic lesions suggestive of pneumonia were collected for histological, bacteriological and molecular analysis. The molecular analysis was performed to detect the presence of Actinobacillus (A.) pleuropneumoniae, Glaesserella (G.) parasuis, Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma (M.) hyorhinis and Streptococcus (S.) suis serotype 2. The percentages of histological lesions and bacterial agents and their association were calculated. Cranioventral consolidation (75.2%) was the most prevalent macroscopic lung lesion, followed by disseminated (21.5%) and dorsocaudal (3.3%) distribution. Microscopically, chronic lesions were the most prevalent, representing 70.2% of the lungs. Moreover, BALT hyperplasia was present in 86.5% of the lungs, suppurative bronchopneumonia in 65.7%, and alveoli infiltrate in 46.8%. Six bacterial pathogens commonly described as agents of pig pneumonia were identified by bacterial or molecular methods: Pasteurella (P.) multocida, S. suis, M. hyopneumoniae, A. pleuropneumoniae, G. parasuis and M. hyorhinis. Twenty-eight different combinations of pathogens were identified in 84 samples (69.4%). The most common combinations were: M. hyopneumoniae and A. pleuropneumoniae (13.1%), M. hyopneumoniae, G. parasuis and M. hyorhinis (10.7%), and M. hyopneumoniae, A. pleuropneumoniae and G. parasuis (8.3%). Additionally, M. hyopneumoniae was the most frequent pathogen detected in this study, representing 58.7% of the samples. The detection of M. hyopneumoniae and M. hyorhinis by PCR was associated with the presence of BALT hyperplasia (P < 0.05) and there was also an association between the detection of M. hyopneumoniae by PCR and suppurative bronchopneumonia (P < 0.05). In addition, a significant association (P < 0.05) between the detection of M. hyopneumoniae and A. pleuropneumoniae by PCR and the histological classification (acute, subacute or chronic lesions) was observed. The results of this study were similar to those observed in slaughtered domestic pigs, although, the detection of opportunist pathogens was less frequent than that usually described in pig pneumonia. The high prevalence of pneumonia in captive wild boars at slaughter and the similar characteristics of pneumonia in captive wild boars and domestic pigs suggest that the close phylogenetic relationship between pigs and wild boars could influence the susceptibility of both species to the colonization of the same pathogens, indicating that captive wild boars raised in confined conditions could be predisposed to respiratory diseases, similar to domestic pigs.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Respiratory Tract Diseases/veterinary , Sus scrofa/physiology , Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal/diagnosis , Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal/etiology , Lung Injury/veterinary , Lung/pathologyABSTRACT
En la última década, la radioterapia estereotáctica corporal se ha implementado como tratamiento a pacientes con cáncer de pulmón estadio I, quienes son considerados inoperables o quienes rechazan el procedimiento quirúrgico. El artículo presenta el caso de uno de los primeros pacientes tratados con esta tecnología en un centro oncológico: un hombre de 72 años de edad con cáncer de pulmón estadio I, quien rechazó el manejo quirúrgico y se le realizó el tratamiento con radiocirugía, y con dos años de seguimiento, presentó cambios radiográficos, que inicialmente se interpretaron como progresión de la enfermedad. Además, se revisa la literatura relacionada con la interpretación de imágenes de seguimiento después del tratamiento.
Stereotactic radiotherapy body has been implemented in the last decade as a treatment for patients with stage I lung cancer, who are considered inoperable or who reject the surgical pro- cedure. For one of the first patients treated with this technology in our Cancer Center presented; 72 year old man with lung cancer stage I reject the surgical management and underwent radio- surgery treatment and for 2 years follow-up, presented radiographic changes, which were initially interpreted as disease progression. Additionally, a review of the literature related to image interpretation follow-up after treatment is done
Subject(s)
Humans , Radiotherapy , Pulmonary Fibrosis , Small Cell Lung CarcinomaABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the thin-section computed tomography (CT) findings andhistopathologic findings of squalene aspiration pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thin-section CT scans wereobtained from nine patients with proven exogenous lipoid pneumonia resulting from aspiration of squalene (derivedfrom shark liver oil). The condition was diagnosed by biopsy (n=3), bronchoalveolar lavage (n=4), or sputumcytology and clinical history (n=2); a clinical history of squalene use was confirmed in all patients. Specimensof transbronchial lung biopsy were also reviewed and compared with thin-section CT findings. RESULTS: Thin-section CT findings included ground-glass attenuation (n=8), consolidations obliterating vascular marking(n=4), scattered centrilobular ground-glass attenuation (n=2), and interlobular interstitial thickening (n=6).Geographic lobular distribution with peripheral spared lobules was observed in all patients. These diseasesinvolved multiple lobes (n=5) and abnormalities were usually located in the dependent portion of the lung. Inthree cases, histopathological correlation showed that ground-glass attenuation reflected intra-alveolarinfiltration of lipid-laden macrophages with exudative fluid. Interlobular septal thickening representedhyperplasia of type II pneumonocytes with mild fibrosis. CONCLUSION: On the basis of these results, we concludedthat squalene aspiration pneumonia can be reliably diagnosed by thin-section CT findings particularly when theappropriate history is known.